Flex布局教程-实例篇[转]

Created at 2016-09-21 Updated at 2017-01-06 Category Front-End Tag CSS / CSS布局

一、骰子的布局


  • 如果不加说明,本节的HTML模板一律如下
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<div class="box">
<span class="item"></span>
</div>
  • 上面代码中,div元素(代表骰子的一个面)是Flex容器,span元素(代表一个点)是Flex项目。如果有多个项目,就要添加多个span元素,以此类推

1.1 单项目


  • 首先,只有左上角1个点的情况。Flex布局默认就是首行左对齐,所以一行代码就够了

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.box {
display: flex;
}
  • 设置项目的对齐方式,就能实现居中对齐和右对齐

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.box {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
}

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.box {
display: flex;
justify-content: flex-end;
}
  • 设置交叉轴对齐方式,可以垂直移动主轴

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.box {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
}

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.box {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
}

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.box {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: flex-end;
}

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.box {
display: flex;
justify-content: flex-end;
align-items: flex-end;
}

1.2 双项目


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.box {
display: flex;
justify-content: space-between;
}

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.box {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
justify-content: space-between;
}

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.box {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
justify-content: space-between;
align-items: center;
}

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.box {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
justify-content: space-between;
align-items: flex-end;
}

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.box {
display: flex;
}
.item:nth-child(2) {
align-self: center;
}

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.box {
display: flex;
justify-content: space-between;
}
.item:nth-child(2) {
align-self: flex-end;
}

1.3 三项目


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.box {
display: flex;
}
.item:nth-child(2) {
align-self: center;
}
.item:nth-child(3) {
align-self: flex-end;
}

1.4 四项目


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.box {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
justify-content: flex-end;
align-content: space-between;
}

  • HTML代码如下
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<div class="box">
<div class="column">
<span class="item"></span>
<span class="item"></span>
</div>
<div class="column">
<span class="item"></span>
<span class="item"></span>
</div>
</div>
  • CSS代码如下
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.box {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
align-content: space-between;
}
.column {
flex-basis: 100%;
display: flex;
justify-content: space-between;
}

1.5 六项目


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.box {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
align-content: space-between;
}

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.box {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
flex-wrap: wrap;
align-content: space-between;
}

  • HTML代码如下
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<div class="box">
<div class="row">
<span class="item"></span>
<span class="item"></span>
<span class="item"></span>
</div>
<div class="row">
<span class="item"></span>
</div>
<div class="row">
<span class="item"></span>
<span class="item"></span>
</div>
</div>
  • CSS代码如下
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box {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.row{
flex-basis: 100%;
display:flex;
}
.row:nth-child(2){
justify-content: center;
}
.row:nth-child(3){
justify-content: space-between;
}

1.6 九项目


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.box {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
}

二、网格布局


2.1 基本网格布局


  • 最简单的网格布局,就是平均分布。在容器里面平均分配空间,跟上面的骰子布局很像,但是需要设置项目的自动缩放

  • HTML代码如下
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<div class="Grid">
<div class="Grid-cell">...</div>
<div class="Grid-cell">...</div>
<div class="Grid-cell">...</div>
</div>
  • CSS代码如下
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.Grid {
display: flex;
}
.Grid-cell {
flex: 1;
}

2.2 百分比布局


  • 某个网格的宽度为固定的百分比,其余网格平均分配剩余的空间

  • HTML代码如下
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<div class="Grid">
<div class="Grid-cell u-1of4">...</div>
<div class="Grid-cell">...</div>
<div class="Grid-cell u-1of3">...</div>
</div>
  • css代码如下
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.Grid {
display: flex;
}
.Grid-cell {
flex: 1;
}
.Grid-cell.u-full {
flex: 0 0 100%;
}
.Grid-cell.u-1of2 {
flex: 0 0 50%;
}
.Grid-cell.u-1of3 {
flex: 0 0 33.3333%;
}
.Grid-cell.u-1of4 {
flex: 0 0 25%;
}

2.3、圣杯布局


  • 圣杯布局(Holy Grail Layout)指的是一种最常见的网站布局。页面从上到下,分成三个部分:头部(header),躯干(body),尾部(footer)。其中躯干又水平分成三栏,从左到右为:导航、主栏、副栏

  • HTML代码如下
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<body class="HolyGrail">
<header>...</header>
<div class="HolyGrail-body">
<main class="HolyGrail-content">...</main>
<nav class="HolyGrail-nav">...</nav>
<aside class="HolyGrail-ads">...</aside>
</div>
<footer>...</footer>
</body>
  • CSS代码如下
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.HolyGrail {
display: flex;
min-height: 100vh;
flex-direction: column;
}
header,
footer {
flex: 1;
}
.HolyGrail-body {
display: flex;
flex: 1;
}
.HolyGrail-content {
flex: 1;
}
.HolyGrail-nav, .HolyGrail-ads {
/* 两个边栏的宽度设为12em */
flex: 0 0 12em;
}
.HolyGrail-nav {
/* 导航放到最左边 */
order: -1;
}
  • 如果是小屏幕,躯干的三栏自动变为垂直叠加
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@media (max-width: 768px) {
.HolyGrail-body {
flex-direction: column;
flex: 1;
}
.HolyGrail-nav,
.HolyGrail-ads,
.HolyGrail-content {
flex: auto;
}
}

2.4、输入框的布局


  • 我们常常需要在输入框的前方添加提示,后方添加按钮

  • HTML代码如下
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<div class="InputAddOn">
<span class="InputAddOn-item">...</span>
<input class="InputAddOn-field">
<button class="InputAddOn-item">...</button>
</div>
  • CSS代码如下
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.InputAddOn {
display: flex;
}
.InputAddOn-field {
flex: 1;
}

2.5、悬挂式布局


  • 有时,主栏的左侧或右侧,需要添加一个图片栏

  • HTML代码如下
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<div class="Media">
<img class="Media-figure" src="" alt="">
<p class="Media-body">...</p>
</div>
  • CSS代码如下
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.Media {
display: flex;
align-items: flex-start;
}
.Media-figure {
margin-right: 1em;
}
.Media-body {
flex: 1;
}

2.6、固定的底栏


  • 有时,页面内容太少,无法占满一屏的高度,底栏就会抬高到页面的中间。这时可以采用Flex布局,让底栏总是出现在页面的底部

  • HTML代码如下
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<body class="Site">
<header>...</header>
<main class="Site-content">...</main>
<footer>...</footer>
</body>
  • CSS代码如下
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.Site {
display: flex;
min-height: 100vh;
flex-direction: column;
}
.Site-content {
flex: 1;
}

2.7,流式布局


  • 每行的项目数固定,会自动分行

  • CSS的写法
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.parent {
width: 200px;
height: 150px;
background-color: black;
display: flex;
flex-flow: row wrap;
align-content: flex-start;
}
.child {
box-sizing: border-box;
background-color: white;
flex: 0 0 25%;
height: 50px;
border: 1px solid red;
}

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